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V. G; -APPLE. METHOD OF COWSTRUCTING ARMATURES-AND THE LIKE FOR DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES.

AEPL'ICATION F ILED mzc.a'o. 191s. 1,315,93 PatentedSept. 16,1919.

v. 6. APPLE. METHOD OF consraucrme ARMATURES AND meme FOR DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES.

' APPLICATION FILED DEC- 30, 1916- 1 ,3 1 5 ,936 Patented Sept. 16,1919.

q 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

mum u I VINCENT G. APPLE, 0F DAYTON, OHIO.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING ARMATURES AND THE LIKE FOR DYNAMO- ELECTRICSpecification of Letters Patent.

MACHINES.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

application filed December 30,1916. Serial No. 139,753.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VINCENT G. APPLE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of ConstructingArmaturesand the like for Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which thefollowing 'is a specification.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a new, useful andeconomical method of constructing armatures, and stators ofdynamo-electric machines, whereby to so thoroughly insulate theinductive conductors thereof as to substantially eliminate the danger ofdestruction by short circuiting of the conductors with themselves,

or with the core.

Another object of my invention is to build up the core of relativelyshort segments of suitable laminae, or' complete circumferen- Itially-extending rings around theconducthereof. Furthermore, tosimilarly cement the previously insulated conductors to the tors, andvarnish or cover the laminae, preferably, as they are applied, with asuitable liquid,-cementitious, insulating material, such as bakelite,which becomes hardened and adhesive, afterbeing heated to suitabletemperatures, so as to thereby hold the composite, laminae in intimate,substantial contact with each other, to constitute a rugged, stable selfsupporting core structure, without requiring additional supports, andwhereby-the conductors are so firmly held within the core structure asto prevent any relative movement or' displacement surfaces of the core,through which they extend, by use of the same or similar cement ingmaterial, which may be applied to the previously insulated conductors inliquid orm at the same time as to the segments,

during'the building up process, or-by the excessivecementing materialwhich may flow into the crevices or openings around the con ductors atthe time when thecore laminaeare being pressed together.

' Another object of my invention is the provision of a machine forcarrying my method into effect.

Other and further objects of my inventionwill become readily apparent,to persons skilled in the art, from a consideration of the followingdescription when taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein Figure1 is an elevation of a machine showing an armature being built up andshowing parts of the structure in cross sectlon. I

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on line 2-2 of Fig.1.

, may be straight copper bars, or hairpin form of conductors that are tobe inserted in the openings 7, which may be slots or perforations, ofthe core 8. I prefer to then cover the conductors with a fibrousabsorbent separatoror coating of insulating material which may beimpregnated with a liquid insulation, such as bakelite or other similarheat hardening insulation 9, preferably compacted and heated to hardenthe cement and cover+ ing to produce a good" electric insulator,thereof, leaving, preferably, the bare ends 10 and 11, which are to beconnected together or connected to commutator segments, free of theinsulating material referred to. I then preferably build up the core 8around the previously insulated conductors by application of laminae orsegments provided with registering openings or slots 7.

As one manner'of building the structure and for convenience ofconstruction I prowas perforations around its periphery, similar in kindand number to the perforations 7, and adapted to register therewith, andinto these perforations 1-5, I place the conductors '5 and 6 in uprightposition, in the same relative positions they will occupy in thecompleted armature or stator. The-perforations 15. extend around theperiphery of and through the block 14, and are of the same general formand shape as the perforations 7 in the rings or segments12 and are thesame in number as in the completed armature and register therewith. Theuncoated endsof the conductors 5 and 6 are placed in the perforations 15in the block 14, the lower ends of the conductors coming in contact withthe upper surface of another underlying block 16 so that the lower andupper ends of the conductors are in the same respective transverseplanes. The thickness of the block 14 is just sufficient to permit theuncovered surfaces of the conductors 5 and 6 to enter therein leavingcoating 9, of the conductors to begin at approximately the upper surfaceof the block 1%. The block 16 is preferably rotatable for convenience ofplacing the laminae on the conductors and is located upon a ram 17 of acylinder 18, of a hydraulic press. The frame 19 carries upon its upperend, an anvil or abutment 20, which is likewise perforated, as at 21, toadmit the upper ends of the conductors 5 and 6, when the rings orsegments are being pressed together by the instrumentality of thevertically movable piston or ram 17 of the press. When the conductorsare placed in the positions shown, the rings or segments are threadedover the conductors and preferably-just before, or, as they are threadedover the conductors, in their respective positions, they are coated witha liquid, cementitious, insulating material, such as bakelite, or thelike, which hardens and becomes adhesive, after the application of heat,and which thereby produces a. self supporting structure. The seg ments12 are placed in circumferential se quential series, as shown in Fig. 3,and are preferably of uniform size. between adjacent segments whensegments are used to compose a ring, are broken or circumferentiallyspacedapart from the joints 23, of the ring immediately adjacent. Afterthe core has been built up, as shown in Fig. 1, by threading the ringsor segments in circumferential sequence over the bars, until sufiicientthickness of core has been thus constructed, of greater lineardimensions than the final dimensions of the core, to allow for a certainamount of contraction, by the pressure to which the laminae of which thecore is made, are to be subsevquently subjected, pressure is applied.

Near the lower end of the cylinder 18 of the hydraulic press is a pipe24, for the in-' troduction of a fluid under pressure, into thecylinder,below the ram 17. A globe valve 25 controls the motive fluid.When the core has been built up in the manner described, the valve 25 isopened, which controls the motive fluid and causes the ram 17 to beraised in a vertical direction and thereby causing the conductors 5 and6 to enter the respective perforations 21, in the abutment 20, of thepress. Thus pressure will be applied in an axial direction to themembers of the core, and cause them to adhere with each other, and willexpress the surplus amount of adhmive. liquid, that has previously beenapplied to the laminae,

The joints 22,

causing a part thereof to pass into the perforations 7 surrounding theconductors and to fill up spaces 13 in said perforations. After the corehas been thus compressed, to the desired extent, with the core, of theproper linear dimensions, heat is applied to the structure as by closingthe oven doors 2'? and 28, shown in Fig. 1, and in open positions inFig. 2, in dotted lines. These doors are hinged to a verticallyextending bar 29, as at 30 and 31, respectively. A latch 26 holds thedoors in their closed positions.

Located in the annular space, between the block or table 11, and thedoors 27 and 28, is a gas burner 32 to which gas or other fuel may befed, through the pi pe The gas burner is then lighted and. the armaturestructure ieretofore described is thus baked while under pressure. Afterthe baking process the liquid insulating cement becomes hardened andholds the parts of the self supporting structure in their properrelations without the necessity for further holding means. It alsoserves to cement the conductors 5 and 6 firmly in place with the core sothere can be no relative movement between the conductors and the core,or between the conductors themselves, and therefore the insulatingmaterial, with which the conductors were previously coated unites withthe subsequently applied liquid cement, thus securely securing theconductors by a surrounding cushioning insulation.

After the structure described has been compressed, in the mannerheretofore polnted out, the parts may be temporarily held in anysuitable manner and the structure removed from the press and heated inan entirely different oven, if desired, so that the press may, in thisway, be maintained in use for a longer period of time or, in otherWords, to be used to build up other structures while the previouslyformed structures 2 are being 'baked in cheaper ovens, or the conductorsmaybe heated by electric current or the entire structure may be heatedby a draft of heated air, or otherwise.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. The method of buildingself supporting inductive structures for dynamo electric ma chines,which consists in inclosing the core- -covered portions of eachconductor with an core-covered portions of each said conductor, with aninsulating absorbent separator and cementing the conductors in openingswithplication of heat applying pressure to the core, and while underpressure, heating said structure to harden the cement.

3. The method of building self supporting inductive laminated structuresfor dynamo electric machines, which consists in inclosing thecore-covered portions of each conductor with a coating of insulatingmaterial saturating said coating with an insulating cement of the samecharacter as that used between the laminae and cementing the con ductois'in openings within said core and the core laminrc together with aliquid cement which hardens by application of heat,

and heating the liquid cement.

4. The method of building self supporting inductive structures fordynamo electric machines which consists in inclosing the core coveredportion of each said conductor with a separating coating of insulatingmaterial; embedding the coated portion ofsaid conductors in openingsprovided in a suitable laminated core; filling in between said conductorcoatings and the Wall of said openings and between the laminations Witha liquid cement which hardens by application of heat, then applying heatto harden said cement.

5. The method of building inductive structures for dynamo electricmachines, which consists in coating portions of each of a series ofconductors, to be inclosed within the core, with an insulating covering;stacking. said conductors in the positions they will occupy in thecompleted struc ture; threading over said conductors, thin segments ofmagnetically-inductive material in circumferential sequence, to formrings; applying a liquid-cement, which hardens by application of heat,to said segments; applying pressure, to said composite core thus made,to express the excessive cement-and to bringthe segments intosubstantially intimate contact with each other, and heating thestructure to harden the cement.

6. A method ofbuilding self supporting cores of magnetic material forinductors of dynamo electric machines which consists in applying acementitious material directly tothe adjacent sides of magneticlaminations composing the core; temporarily supporting the laminae inaxial positions they will occupy when the core is completed; placingconductors on said core; applying pressure to axially compressthe'laminae to dimensions required, thereby forcing out the ductors;heating the structure: whilepnder pressure, to harden thecement;.mamtainstructures for dynamo electric machines which consists inapplying cementitious material to the adjacent sides of the laminaecomposing the core; stacking the laminae, each having a series ofopenings toreceive conductors; supporting the laminae in axial positionsthey will occupy when the structure is completed; causing registrationof the openings by insertion of the conductors; applying pressure toaxially compress the laminae to the dimensions required; heating thestructure While under pressure, to harden the cement; maintaining thepressure until the structure becomes cool and removing the temporarysupports.

8. An armature core'comprising a series of impenetrable laminae havingregistering spacedapart wire-receiving openings near their peripheraledges; conductors cemented'in said openings; heat resist-ing cementadhesively securing together adjacent laminae to render the core selfsupporting.

9. The method of constructing dynamo structures, of the characterdescribed, which consists in covering the core-inclosed portions of theconductors with a coating of ductors with a liquid cement that becomeshardened after the application of heat, at a relatively low temperature;applying pressure to aXial-ly contract the core and heating the core.

10. The method of building inductive structures for dynamo electricmachines, which consists in covering core-contained portions of theinductive conductors with fibrous material-impregnated with a liquidcement which handens by) application of heat; compressing said coveringto compact it; heating the cement to harden it; introducing theconductors so prepared into openings in a suitable core; applying aliquid cement to fill the interstices between said conductors and theboundaries of said openings and heating the structure to harden the liuid cement.

i '11. .he method of building self supporting armatures which consistsin cementing the core laminae together and cementing the conductors tothe core, then applying heat 7 toharden the cement. excessive cementinto contact with said conopenings registeringi conductors in saidopenings. means cementing said conductors and laminaetogether to therebymake a self supporting armature without requiring fur ther means ofsupport.

13. lhe method of building selt supporting armature cores which consistsin superficially coating a series of armature cor-e lamina with cementthat hardens by application of heat and is sutliciently strong toconstitute the sole binding means for holding the laminae together;compacting the laminze and heating the structure to harden the cement.

1'-'l-. The method of building self supporting' armature cores whichconsists in superficially coating a series of armature core laminze withcement that hardens by application of heat and is suiticiently strong toconstitute the sole binding means for hold ing the laminze together;compacting the lamina) and heating the structure to a temperature higherthan thatattained by the core in its normal operation, to harden thecement.

15. The method of building self supporting armature cores which consistsin superficially coating a series of core laminae of substantiallyuniform thickness, with cement that hardens by application of heat andis sufficiently strong to. constitute the sole binding means for holdingthe laminae together; arranging the laminae in axial almement;compacting the lammaz; heating the lamina: to a temperature above thatnon mally attained by the core in use, to harden the cement and removingall supporting means from the structure when the cement hat-dens.

16. The method of building self-supporting armature cores which consistsin superficially coating the lamina with a cement that hardens byapplication of heat and is sufliciently strong to constitute the solebinding means for holding the laminzr together; arranging thel-aminatioi'is in circum'lerential and axial register; cmnpactmg thelammzc to predetermined dimen- 'sions; heating the structure to atemperature above that normally attained by the core in use and removingthe temporary supports from the structure.

17. A seli supporting armature comprising a series of laminae ofsubstantially uniform thickness cemented together with a cement ivherebyto make and maintain a self supporting core without end plate or boltsup- In testin'iony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

VINCENT G. APPLE In the presence of- E. V. MARTIN, F. W. CQTTERMAN.

